1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
  
  - II
:    : 100
:               
 
-
1.          
   
   
2.      -        ,
,         
-
3. (i)    -    
(ii)    ,         28    
  
000  

0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
 

12
18
27
_____
17
6
4. (i)   ?   -  '  
(ii)                
    

0-10
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90
2
Easy2Siksha

4
18
42
45
31
20
8
6
-
5. (i)        -     

(ii)    -       

39
65
62
90
82
75
25
98
36
78

47
53
58
86
62
68
60
91
51
84
6. (i)           ?
(ii)             
 - 
7. (i) 
     ?      ?
(ii) 2009-10  2010-11   , ,      
 


P0
1
1
P1
2
4
Q0
10
5
Q1
5
2
8. (i)    -    
(ii)               

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

80
90
92
83
94
99
92
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2021
  
  - II
:    : 100
:               
 
-
1.          
  
    
:      
  ?
      ,  ,    
      -    ,    
       ,          
          
     
?
     ,    ,  ,   ,
  ,            
    
   :
                 
                
,                 - 
        
4
Easy2Siksha
         
1.    
       ,        ,
         ,   -   
     
:
  (      )     
         ,    '
   
   ,        '  
2.    
             
  
   ,    
        
        
:
            ,     
      
           ,   
       
            
     
3.  
              
        :
   
 
    
:
              ,   
           
    
      
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4.   
       
 ,   ,    
              
:
          ,        
     ,        ,    
   
5.  
            :

 
 
:
          ,       
     
6.    
               
 
             
    
:
            20%   , 
          
7.     
   ,           
    
:
                 
   ',       '     
8.     
   ,           
  
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:
  
            ,   
      '       

9.     
     ,  ,     
    
:
      ,         
     
       ,      :
1.     
  :    '  ,  
     
2.     :      
  ,  
   
3. ,   ,            
 
   
   
  ?
     
         
  ,          ,    
    ,        
 
             
   
1.  
    '    .
:
  -  ( , , , )  
-    
7
Easy2Siksha
2.  
  (, , )       
:
  -      
 10        
3.  
               '
 
  
:
   '    (, , , )
   '    (, , , )
4.  
     '    
:
    '    (₹10,000  , ₹10,000-₹50,000,
₹50,000  )
   '    (0-40, 41-60, 61-80, 81-100)
 
                
   
   
1. :      
2.  :    
3.  :   
4.  :     
8
Easy2Siksha
    

 ( )
2010
121
2015
130
2020
138
    '      
 
    
     
 
     ( , -      )
  
  ( ,     )

          ,    
             
   
       , 

    ,   ,      ' 
2.      -        ,
,         
:1.  
             ,     
 
   -        
  
:
             :
: 30%
: 20%
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Easy2Siksha
: 25%
: 25%
       ,       

      
2.  
      -         
     ,             
  
 
:
-    :
: $2000
: $3000
: $2500
: $4000
:
  ()
10
Easy2Siksha
3. 
                
         ,      

 
:
      :
0-20: 5 
20-40: 10 
40-60: 15 
60-80: 20 
80-100: 10 
:
11
Easy2Siksha
4.  
            
   
               
:
      :
: 10, 30, 50, 70, 90
: 5, 10, 15, 20, 10
:
12
Easy2Siksha
5.   (  )
            
    
            
     
:
     :
0-20:5
0-40:15 (5+10)
0-60:30 (15+15)
0-80: 50 (30+20)
0-100: 60 (50+10)
:
 
  :
 :        
 :      
:        
 :      
 :      
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-
3. (i)    -    
(ii)    ,         28    
  
000  

0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
 

12
18
27
_____
17
6
: (i)    :   
-
   , 
    
      
        
   ,   
       ,   
       
 ,  
         
    
         
   
                   
 :
1.  ()
2.  ( )
3.  (     )
          -    
       -     -
    
1.  ()
  ?
 (     )            
          
  :
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Easy2Siksha
  :
   
             : 50, 60,
70, 80,  90
  , 
     :
1.    :
50+60+70+80+90=350
2.      (  5 ):

 ,  ()  70 
  - :
          
              
  :
󷃆󼽢      
󷃆󼽢       ,       
 
  :
󽅂   ()    ,    50  
0   ,     
2.  ( )
  ?
              ,   
        ,        
  :
    : 50, 60, 70, 80, 90
1.       (  )
2.   : 70 (
    )  ,   70 
        ?    : 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100
1.    70  80 
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2.    :
 

 ,  75 
  - :
          
    
    
 
       ,         
    
  :
󷃆󼽢    ()   

󷃆󼽢   (     )    
  :
󽅂      
,        

  
3.  (     )
  ?
                  
(),   (),      ()   
  :
  '  : 50, 60, 70, 70, 80, 90, 70  70     ,   
   ,  = 70
   :
1.   
:    

 ,    
 : 2, 4, 6, 8,
10 (  
  )
2.  :              ,  
    : 2, 4, 4, 6, 8, 8, 10 →  = 4  8 (  
  )
  - :
    ,        
          
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Easy2Siksha
  :
󷃆󼽢   ( ,  ,     )     
󷃆󼽢     

  :
󽅂           
  ,    
 
 
, ,    

   
  ...
Outliers 
?

 ()
   


  
 ()
    


   
 (  
 )
    

    
 
     ?
          :
:     ( ,  )
:        ( ,   )
:    -    ( ,    
)

    (, ,  )         
             
,      '       
-        , 
    
     
,    ,        
   
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Easy2Siksha
(ii)    ,         28  
    
000  

0-10
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
 

12
18
27
_____
17
6
:  1:    
       -        

  (  ) ,   (30-40      
)              () 28 
      :
   (000
)
  
()
0 - 10
12
10 - 20
18
20 - 30
27
30 - 40
f ()
40 - 50
17
50 - 60
6
     :
:
    (28    )
f 
  (     )
x     
 
∑fx        
∑f    
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Easy2Siksha
 2:  
    , 
      (x)  :
   (000 )
  (x)
 (f)
0 - 10

12
10 - 20
 

18
20 - 30
 

27
30 - 40
 

f
40 - 50
 

17
50 - 60
 

6
 3: fx\sum fx∑fx   
, 
         
   (000 )
  (x)
 (f)
0 - 10
5
12
12 x 5 = 60
10 - 20
15
18
18 x 15 = 270
20 - 30
25
27
27 x 25 = 675
30 - 40
35
f
F x 35 = 35f
40 - 50
45
17
17 x 45 = 765
50 - 60
55
6
6 x 55 = 330
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Easy2Siksha
,  :
    (  ):
 4:    
     :
-  :
, f   :
  :
 ,    20 
 5:  
            , 

:
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Easy2Siksha
:
=     
=    
.=      
f=    
h=    (,   10)
 5.1:   

 NNN  ,    :
, 
              
50  
   (000 )
 (f)
  (CF)
0 - 10
12
12
10 - 20
18
12 + 18 = 30
20 - 30
27
30 + 27 = 57
30 - 40
20
57 + 20 = 77
40 - 50
17
77 + 17 = 94
50 - 60
6
94 + 6 = 100

 50 30  57   ,   20-30 
 5.2:   
L=20L (20-30   )
N=100N = 100
CF=30CF (20-30    )
f=27f (   )
h=10h ( )
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Easy2Siksha
    27.41   
 
1.    (f) 20 
2.   27.41   
4. (i)   ?   -  '  
(ii)               
     

0-10
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90

4
18
42
45
31
20
8
6
: (i) :   (    )
  -
   
              
    ,  
            
          ,        
       
    
                 
              '    
  ,    ()      ,       
 
     -    
  
?
   
              
   -          :
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Easy2Siksha
1.  A:   : 45, 47, 49, 51, 53
2.  :   : 30, 40, 50, 60, 70
  ,  () 49 ,   A ,       ,
   B ,    '         
        
    
        :
1.     -         
2.     -       -    
  
,  -          
1. 
:
                     
:
:
         : 150, 160, 165, 170,  175
                25  
  :
             
                '
   
2.   (  - IQR)
:
  (      )  50%   
               
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Easy2Siksha
:
:
Q1 ( )      25%  
 
Q3 ( )       75%  
 
:
    : 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, :
Q1=30Q1 = 30Q1=30
Q3=55Q3 = 55Q3=55
IQR=55−30=25IQR = 55 - 30 = 25IQR=55−30=25
IQR  :
   ()   ,     

 
          
:
   '  
 
3.  
:
        ( )    
:
:
x =  
=  ( )
n =   
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Easy2Siksha
:
      : 10, 20, 30, 40, 50
= (10+20+30+40+50)/5=30
,    :
:
  IQR   
      
:
    
 
4.    

:
                
  
:
:
x =  
μ = 
n =   
:
 '  : 5, 10, 15  = (5+10+15)/3=10
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Easy2Siksha
 
:
           '    
  
      
:
  :
:
      
      
:
  ()  
5.    (CV) -   
:
CV     -       
:
:
 1:  = 50,   = 10  2:  = 200,   = 20

 Dataset 1  CV  ,   Dataset 2     

                 '
  :
     

     IQR   
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Easy2Siksha
     
    '   
-      CV    
(ii)               
     

0-10
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90

4
18
42
45
31
20
8
6
:      
    ,          
1.    ?
  (SD)               ()  
    ,            
 
    ,           
    ,          
 :
          
 A:  45  55    
 :    (90),    (10)   
        ,  B      , 
    A   
2.    (CV)  ?
   (CV)            
            
CV   :
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Easy2Siksha
 -            ,  
        ,  CV  -     
       
-- 
   :
 ( )
 (f)
0 - 10
4
10 - 20
6
20 - 30
18
30 - 40
42
40 - 50
45
50 - 60
31
60 - 70
20
70 - 80
8
80 - 90
6
 1:   

     , 
          
     :
 
 (f)
  (x)
0 - 10
4
(0+10)/2 = 5
10 - 20
6
(10+20)/2 = 15
20 - 30
18
(20+30)/2 = 25
30 - 40
42
(30+40)/2 = 35
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Easy2Siksha
 
 (f)
  (x)
40 - 50
45
(40+50)/2 = 45
50 - 60
31
(50+60)/2 = 55
60 - 70
20
(60+70)/2 = 65
70 - 80
8
(70+80)/2 = 75
80 - 90
6
(80+90)/2 = 85
 2:  
       :
x ( )
f ()
f × x
5
4
20
15
6
90
25
18
450
35
42
1470
45
45
2025
55
31
1705
65
20
1300
75
8
600
85
6
510
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Easy2Siksha
 3:   
    :
:
x =     
= 
f = 
󰇛
󰇜
=   
󰇛
󰇜
=  
x
f

()2
f ()2
5
4
-37.5
1406.25
5625
15
6
-27.5
756.25
4537.5
25
18
-17.5
306.25
5512.5
35
42
-7.5
56.25
2362.5
45
45
2.5
6.25
281.25
55
31
12.5
156.25
4843.75
65
20
22.5
506.25
10125
75
8
32.5
1056.25
8450 
85
6
42.5
1806.25
10837.5
30
Easy2Siksha
 4:   (CV) 
 
 = 42.5
  = 16.36
   = 38.49%

16.36       , ,    16.36  
 
38.49%     
         
   
-
5. (i)        -     

(ii)    -       

39
65
62
90
82
75
25
98
36
78

47
53
58
86
62
68
60
91
51
84
: - :   
                - 
                  
               
  ?
       -         
           -        ,  
  ,         -  
  
31
Easy2Siksha
   
?   :
1.             
   :
 ,            
     
 ,             
  ,  -        
2.         :
            
 
          
  -         
 
3.      ,     
    :
 
   -        
            

              
  
  ,      -      :
1.               
            
:

-
   ,       
    ,      
-      ,      
:
      
   ,   
32
Easy2Siksha
   ,   
2.               
            
:
    ,      
-     ,       
-     ,      
:
     
   ,   
   ,   
3.          '   ,    
   
    
 
:
            
  
                '  

               
  
:
     

         

          
4.          
       
    
:
         
          
           
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Easy2Siksha
5.           
   -    
 
:
      (  ,   )
    
          

   
   ' -       ,   -1  +1   :
+1    
 
-1    
 
0   

 
- 
1. 
   
    
   
2.  
          
    
     
3. 
      
  
    
4.  
   
    
  
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Easy2Siksha
 : -  
 

 , 
       ,    
    
                
   
  -      ,   
  
    !

              
-     , 
       ,
(ii)    -       

39
65
62
90
82
75
25
98
36
78

47
53
58
86
62
68
60
91
51
84
: (ii)       :
,      
  :
 (X)
 (Y)
X - X
Y - Ȳ
(X - X)(Y - Ȳ)
(X - X
(Y - Ȳ)²
39
47
-22.1
-24.9
550.29
488.41
620.01
65
53
3.9
-18.9
-73.71
15.21
357.21
62
58
0.9
-13.9
-12.51
0.81
193.21
90
86
28.9
14.1
407.49
835.21
199.21
82
62
20.9
-9.9
-206.91
436.81
98.01
75
68
13.9
-3.9
-54.21
193.21
15.21
25
60
-36.1
-11.9
429.59
1303.21
141.61
98
91
36.9
19.1
705.39
1361.61
365.01
36
51
-25.1
-20.9
524.59
630.01
436.81
78
84
16.9
12.1
204.49
285.61
146.41
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Easy2Siksha
    -         :
 :   
  ?
   
               
                   -
         , 
      

    :  
   -            
             -1  +1   :
+1        (    ,     )
0      
(  
)
-1        (    ,     )
-- 
    
      :
1.  ()   
o   (X
) =     ÷   
o   (Ȳ) =     ÷   
2.  
o 
     
 
o                
3.   
o 
       
o  
        
4.    
o 
       
o        
5.              
: r = Σ(X - X
)(Y - Ȳ) ÷ √[Σ(X - X
)² * Σ(Y - Ȳ)²]
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- 
     :
             
         

           
  
     :
  10   

              
  
      ,  -   0.8547   
  
0.8547    1    ,   :
        
-   ,      
    73% (0.8547²)      
 
  ,   :
       
        
     
 ( 1.0 
)
  
 :
    

      
    ,  
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      
   :
 
 
 
-    
 
       :
0.0 - 0.3: 
0.3 - 0.7: 
0.7 - 1.0:  
0.8547         
 ,       
     
6. (i)           ?
(ii)             
:   :    
   
          -  
              
     ,    
     -  
     
:  
     .           ' 
         -       
  :
1.   :   ', -   ,       
      .
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2.        :  ',    
      
3.      :     ,   
   '  
   :
 
         
 -1  +1  
           
           
         

  :
0  0.3 ( -0.3):  
0.3  0.7 ( -0.3  -0.7):  
0.7  1 ( -0.7  -1):  
 : -           
   (  ),         (
),        
 (  
)
:     
  -        ,      
                
      
  :
1.   :         

2.  :           
 :     GPS       
 GPS      '        ,  
         
  - :
1.    
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    '   
     
    
   
:        '    ,  
       
2.    
-     '      
   '    
    
:            ,  
         
3. 
   
      
    
:              
            
4.  
   
   
     
:     '       
     
5.   
   
    
  
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:   -     '       
        
     :
:
    

       
    

 (A  B, B  A   )
:
     
   
 
 
           
     
     
 :
1.     

2.     '  
3.       
4.        
 :
                
        
:         
  , ,  ,        
          -   ,
         
 ,      '   ,   , 
,          '     
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(ii)   :   
:  :   
   -
   
     ,  
   
  
,       
 , "  '      '
        ?"        
 
 .   -  ()       
           
  ,           (  
   )         (   
  )          
      ,   -- ,   

   
   
?
  -    ,  , ,  , 
       '         :
,        '     

     '        
     '     
   '     .
   ,            
            
    
         :
1.   (Y):     
    

2.   (X):         
 ,  
   (X)   '     (Y)
    ,          
          
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   
   -  ,     :
1.   
             (X)  
  (Y) 
       : Y = a + bX
o Y =   ( 
   )
o a =  ( )
o b =  (X      Y   )
o X =   (Y    )
:  
  
          
     ,  
        
            
 
2.   
              
  
 : Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + ... + bnXn
:    
   (Y)   '    :
   (X1)
   (X2)
     (X3)
              
     
3.  
            
  
 
 ,    '         
      
   -  '  -  
 
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4.  
      
      (/
,
/, /)
:      '        

-  :        
   
            ' 
   
   (X)
 (Y)
100
500
200
800
300
1200
400
1500
      , 
      
             
 :
 = 200 + 3 *   
  :
   (   ) 200 
 '     ₹1 ,   ₹3    
,  
 ' ₹500       ,  
   
    :  = 200 + (3 * 500) = ₹1700
        !
   
             :
1. :          
2. :    '  
 
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3. : - ()      
4.   
:         


    
,    
  
   
    
:        
  
      ,         
    ,     
       
 -      !
     :   
     
       :    - 
 


          
        
 ,    , 
 ,            
  
 - 
7. (i) 
     ?      ?
(ii) 2009-10  2010-11   , ,      
 


P0
1
1
P1
2
4
Q0
10
5
Q1
5
2
:  :   
   
           , ,  
           
 !   
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      -       
     
   ?
                
                ,
,                
 ' 100        (  )    ,   

           
      :
   
         ,  10     
         ,  15    ,  
 
              :
(15 ÷ 10) × 100 = 150
          50%  
   
1.                 
    :         2020
,     $100  2024 ,      $120  
 : (120 ÷ 100) × 100 = 120     2020    20%
   
2.              
:     2020  1,000   2024  1,500  
     : (1,500 ÷ 1,000) × 100 = 150  
 50%  
 
3.          :    
 2020  $100,000  2024  $150,000 ,     :
(150,000 ÷ 100,000) × 100 = 150     50%  
 
   
1.  
  
-       
    
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:   ()           
          ,       
    
2.  
    
  
        
:                 
          
3.     
-      
        
:            
       
4.    
   
  
      
: - ,         
       
5.  
    
   
   
: S&P 500         
   
       
   :   = (  ÷  ) × 100
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    :
   
      :
2020 ( ):   $5   
2021:   $5.50   
2022:    $6   
2023:   $6.75   
:
2020 : (5 ÷ 5) × 100 = 100 ( )
2021 : (5.50 ÷ 5) × 100 = 110
2022 :(6 ÷ 5) × 100 = 120
2023 : (6.75 ÷ 5) × 100 = 135
 
   2020      35%    
   
     ,   
:
     
 
      
 
    '  
   
       
- 
             
            
            

       ,     
               
            
  ,  
 ,         ,   
         
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: (ii)    
 
       (A  B)        :
  (2009-10):
 A: (P0) = 1,  (Q0) = 10
 B: (P0) = 1,  (Q0) = 5
  (2010-11):
 A: (P1) = 2,  (Q1) = 5
 :  (P1) = 4,  (Q1) = 2
    ?
                
                 
    
 
   
           
$100       
   $110   ,  
         
    
1. Laspeyres  
Laspeyres      ( )       
               
  
  :
1.        
2.               
3.              100   
  :
     = (1 × 10) + (1 × 5) = 10 + 5 = 15
     (      ) = (2 × 10) + (4 × 5) = 20
+ 20 = 40
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  = (40 ÷ 15) × 100 = 266.67%
:       166.67%    
2.   
Paasche             
               
  :
1.               
2.        
3.              100   
  :
     (       ) = (1 × 5) + (1 × 2) = 5 + 2
= 7
     = (2 × 5) + (4 × 2) = 10 + 8 = 18
  = (18 ÷ 7) × 100 = 257.14%
:     ' 157.14%    
3.   
  Laspeyres  Paasche        
              
:
  = √(  ×  ) = √(266.67 × 257.14) = √68,667.63 =
262.03%
:           ,   
    
- 
                
     :
Laspeyres        
   
Paasche       
    
         
50
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 
     
 
    
       
 
,            :
  
    
  
       

      
     
 
    '  

                
  Laspeyres, Paasche,  Fisher  -    , 
       
                 ,
  
    ,  -    
    
8. (i)    -    
(ii)               

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

80
90
92
83
94
99
92
:        
51
Easy2Siksha
-
,     ,          
        
       
   ,     , 
  ,  
        
  ,           
           :
1.  
2.   
3.       (  )
4. - 
        ,  
     

1.  
                  ' 
           
    :
x- (
)  
  ( , , , )
y- ( )     
  ( , ,
, )
          , 
   
    ,      
:
                
         
 ,      
 
     ,         
:
     
         .
-   
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:
 
;   '   
        

2.   
      -        
          
    :
     ( , 3-, 5-, )
           
       
:
    ( , )        
        -
    3-
     ,        
 ,  
     
:
   - 
 ,    
     
     
:
       
  
           
3.       (  )
            -     
     
    :
            (,  - 
 )
    
  -     
 
    :
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:
o Y =    
o X =   ( , , )
o a =  ( )
o b =      ()
:
 10          ,        
    ,            
        
:
      
          
  -          
:
    ,     

  ,   -      
4. - 
                  
         
    :
         
        
        
             
:
   10            
     ( 5    5 ),     ,  
         ,       
  
 
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:
     
         
:
       
           ,     
 

  

 
 
 
   
 
 
   -  
 
  
   
    
   
-
  
 

              
 ,     
  '   
  ,    ,       
    -   ,      
       ,       
 
       ,  -     
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(ii)               

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

80
90
92
83
94
99
92
:      
   
           ,  

                  ,
  ,  -   ?        -
   ,             
 -     
 -     
                  
        
 -    , 
        
:
=      
a=  (      X = 0)
=  (      )
X =  (      )
    -- 
       -        
 1:     
2005, 2006,        ,     ,   
     , 
       :
2005  X=−3
2006  X=−2
2007  X=−1
X=0 2008  (     '  )
2009  X=1X
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2010  X=2X
2011  X=3X
       

2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
 (Y)
80
90
92
83
94
99
92
 2: 
    
, 
  :
1. X   :

 X    0 ,     
 
2. Y    (   ):
3. X×Y   ( X   Y         ):
4. X2   ( X         ):
 3: a  b     

  :
 N     (   7)
1.  (   ) :
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 ,  a=90,     (2008) ,    90 
2. b (   ):
       2      
 4:   
    a=90  b=2b ,  
-      :
Y=90+2X
             
 5:       

              
:
1. 2005  (X = -3):
  84 ,   80      
2. 2006  (X = -2):
  86 ,   90   
3. 2009  (X = 1):
  94 ,     
             ,    
- 
 
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    
1.   :
     ,  
2012, 2013      
 
o 2012  (X = 4):
Y=90+2(4)=98  , 2012    98  
2.   :
o     ,         

o    ,           
   
3.    :
o         ,    ( 
     )   
-  :
              
  
      -    ,  
     
      ,          -  , 
     

  -             
        , 
    2
               
 
:      Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         